Under the term vertex we can imagine one point in the 3D space. When working with 3D models, vertexes contains besides their coordinates also a normal, color or position on the texture.

Polygon (mostly a triangle) represents closed area bounded by at least three vertexes, that is the smallest determinable part of the model surface.

The normal gives the direction, from where will the given vertex (point on the mesh) receive most light. Has influence on the model lighting.

Mesh is a network of vertexes and polygons created from them, that describes appearance of the model.

Pivot stands for a point that is base for the vertex coordinates.

Image, that is mapped to (stretched on) the model. Textures increase appearance of the model to a more real way. Textures are often used with success instead of complicated mesh.